🔬 Science & Nature #96
Elements 31–40 on the periodic table — answers & sources
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Science & Nature top 10 quizzes
The natural world, measured and ranked. 13 science & nature puzzles so far — every ranking comes with the metric and source it was built from.
A guide to science & nature rankings
Science questions are comparisons of defined properties. Diameter, mass, abundance and atomic number answer different questions even when they concern the same objects. The archive pairs the answers with a measurement explanation, units where available and the scientific reference behind the selected order.
Size and mass are separate properties
A moon can be wider than a planet without being more massive. Diameter describes distance across a body, while mass depends on its amount of matter and composition. Planetary rings and extended atmospheres also need a boundary convention. Numerical comparisons state the kind of diameter used rather than mixing a body’s solid size with the span of its surrounding system.
Composition depends on the denominator
An element’s share by mass differs from its share by number of atoms. Body composition, crust composition and the composition of the whole Earth describe different material pools. Oxygen bound in compounds is also not the same thing as free oxygen gas. These distinctions explain why an abundance answer cannot be carried unchanged from one scientific setting into another.
The periodic table is an identity sequence
Atomic number is proton count, so an interval of ten elements is ordered by chemical identity rather than abundance or discovery date. Isotopes remain the same element despite different neutron counts. Standard symbols and accepted spelling variants identify one canonical answer. A table’s nearby atomic-weight number is useful context, but it is not the sorting key for an atomic-number puzzle.
Explore the data behind the answers
These explanations include the answers. Choose Play in the puzzle list below for a spoiler-free start.
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- 🔬 Science & Nature #89
The first 10 Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureates — answers & sources
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Elements 21–30 on the periodic table — answers & sources
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All science & nature puzzles
- 🔬 Science & Nature #117
Elements 51–60 on the periodic table
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Elements 41–50 on the periodic table
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Top 10 countries and regions with the highest nuclear-electricity shares in 2023
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Elements 31–40 on the periodic table
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The first 10 Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureates
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Elements 21–30 on the periodic table
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Elements 11–20 on the periodic table
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The first 10 elements in the periodic table
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Top 10 most common elements in the human body
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Top 10 largest moons in the Solar System
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Top 10 countries by number of Nobel laureates
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Top 10 most abundant elements in Earth's crust
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Top 10 largest objects in the Solar System
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